Abstract: Maize is one of the major grain crops in China. Maize high production and stable yield are of great importance to ensure national food security. The dataset of physiological and ecological observations during the whole growth period of maize with different sowing dates in successive years can provide important data support for the study of the effects of climate change on maize ecosystem and its adaptation. Located in the northern part of the North China Plain, Hebei Gucheng Agricultural Meteorology National Observation and Research Station (Gucheng Station for short) is the only national platform for long-term experiments and observations of farmland ecosystem featuring by agrometeorology. This dataset is the experimental results of maize agroecosystem adaptation to climate change from 2018 to 2021 in Gucheng Station. It mainly contains the data of interannual and annual variation data of growth period, biomass, leaf area index, photosynthetic physiology, spectral characteristics, soil moisture, grain filling rate and yield of the same variety of maize at different sowing dates. This dataset is of great significance for the revision of agrometeorological business service indexes, the improvement and regional application of agrometeorological simulation model, and the development of agrometeorological applicable technology for the study of maize ecosystem adaptation to climate change.
Keywords: maize; maize sowing date; biomass; leaf area index; photosynthesis; reflectivity; yield; Northern China