Abstract: Affected by global warming and human activities, the grasslands in northern China are facing severe degradation and desertification, gradually losing their original ecological functions. Fractional vegetation cover (FVC), as a key indicator reflecting the density and distribution of vegetation, is essential for assessing the health and sustainability of grassland ecosystems. This study is based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and uses the FY–3D NDVI data for the 2019–2023 growing seasons, as well as the MCD12Q1 land cover data from 2019–2022. Using the pixel dichotomy model, a 250 m resolution FVC dataset for the grassland of northern China was created, covering the period from 2019 to 2023. This dataset provides a valuable data resource for studying the temporal and spatial changes of the grasslands in northern China. Furthermore, it can be applied in fields such as monitoring environmental changes, formulating ecological conservation strategies, and conducting climate change research.
Keywords: fractional vegetation cover; pixel dichotomy model; grassland; northern China; Google Earth Engine